Waterfowl in the spring.

Mergansers (left), mallards (right), and Canada geese (bottom).

Habituation refers to the decrease in response to a repeated stimulus over time.  Basically, the more you are around something the less likely you are to notice it or be affected by it.  It has its advantages and disadvantages.  One of the reasons I like to photograph wildlife in areas where people are relatively abundant is because the organisms barely notice their presence.  For me, this is a clear advantage.  I can get a much better photo of my quarry without them fleeing for their very lives at a mere glimpse of me.

The disadvantages are equally stark.  Larger wildlife presents physical risks while smaller ones often are responsible for property damage.  Bears habituated to humans, especially their garbage, can become aggressive and are usually moved or occasionally shot.  Rodents of all forms and many birds cause all sorts of grief, usually with little concern about the humans nearby.  Clearly, habituation is a double-edged sword.  The trick is to use it to your advantage when you can and to prevent the negative outcomes when you can't.

In order for that positive habituation to develop there has to be a repeated experience where the organism does not perceive risk.  We have to behave ourselves and treat wildlife and the environment with respect.  Come to think of it, that applies to most places where we find ourselves.  A person who has experienced bullying is more likely to shy away or hide than to present themselves without worry or fear.  Similarly, when people are well-mannered and show respect to others we can all relax and enjoy ourselves.

In the end, habituation affects not only the organisms we share the planet with but ourselves as well.  It all comes down to behaviour.  Be pleasant and show respect - the result is a world where we live in harmony with everything around us.  Be ignorant and abusive - trepidation results, producing consequences that only come back to hurt you.

So be nice to everything around you.  That way, not only will I be able to take better photographs, I will be comfortable when out in public.  Everyone wins.  Habituation can be a great thing.