European paper wasp - how the nest is made.
Queen wasp sits atop her throne - a small open-faced nest that she has been building. It's spring, and nest building has begun in earnest, not just for birds, but for insects of all types. Included in this throng are the Hymenoptera - and more specifically, the Vespids. Vespidae are the paper-wasps, so called because they construct nests out of chewed-up wood pulp that they turn into "paper." The formulation of the substance nests are constructed of is simple. Wood pulp, from dead trees or wood from boards (fence boards are a favourite), is created by using the hardened jaws to shred small amounts of fiber. It is mixed with the wasps' saliva creating a fluid-like pulp akin to papier-mache. It is then applied to a surface and shaped, where it will dry and harden. The thing that makes this work is the saliva. It is rich in proteins, specifically proline, which acts as a binding agent. The saliva/fiber mixture is applied in thin layers and dries qu...